July 22: 115 rays of light

Today in Salem: The quiet magistrate Jonathan Corwin is scowling and holding a parchment document close to his eyes. 115 people have signed a petition on behalf of the elderly Mary Bradbury, who will soon be tried in court.

“Shee was a lover of the ministrie in all appearance & a dilligent, attender upon gods holy ordinances … allways, readie & willing to doe for them w’t laye in her power …”

It’ll have to wait. Corwin sets the document to the side and taps it, once, with his finger, as if to nail it to the wooden table. Other documents are more pressing, and now he pulls them toward him as two teenage boys are escorted into the room. They are the sons of the outcast “queen of hell” Martha Carrier, who’s been in prison for seven weeks.

The younger boy, 16, is stuttering and stammering so badly that he can hardly be understood.

“No,” he says, over and over. “N-n-no.” He’s never signed the d-devil’s book, never tortured anyone.

His older brother, 18, speaks clearly but all in a rush, insisting that he’s innocent.

As their protests grow louder, the afflicted girls are more hysterical than ever, and when one of the girls begins to bleed from the mouth the two boys are sent to another room with the constable.

It doesn’t take long, though, before the boys return and confess to everything: consorting with the Devil, going to witch meetings, tormenting people, and more. They also accuse others of witchcraft – including their mother.

Even the afflicted girls are surprised. It’s a quick and remarkable turnabout. What changed their minds?


WHO was Mary Bradbury?

Age 77, née Perkins. Mary was an upper-class woman who was highly regarded as devoutly religious, loving to her family, and a pious and generous neighbor. her family was distinguished; her husband’s great-uncle had been the Archbishop of Canterbury under Queen Elizabeth I. Despite a petition signed by 115 supporters, Mary was tried, convicted, and sentenced to hang. With the help of her loved ones, though, she escaped from jail and lived in hiding until the Trials were over. She died eight years after the Trials, at age 85. Case files: Mary Bradbury

Mary Bradbury’s descendants include Ralph Waldo Emerson and Ray Bradbury.


Tomorrow in Salem: A resistance takes shape

July 21: SUMMARY: Paying respects

Let’s begin by saying the name of each woman who was hanged this week.

Rebecca Nurse

Sarah Good

Sarah Wilds

Elizabeth How

Susannah Martin

These were real women. A beloved grandmother. A hot-tempered beggar. An aging beauty queen. A bewildered neighbor lady. An outspoken rebel. Is there someone in your life who could be described like this?

Rebecca Nurse’s story took center stage this month, and shows what a runaway train the trials were. She was a beloved grandmother, a long-time church member, and 39 people had signed a petition on her behalf. But she was tried and found guilty because she was too hard-of-hearing to answer a question. Then she was ex-communicated by the church. The Governor gave her a reprieve, but several days later an unidentified man talked him into revoking it. And then she was hanged.

The resistance continues to gather steam. Another judge has begun to feel troubled, and twelve people have spoken up for one of the women who was hanged. These join another judge and a deputy who quit, the 39 people supporting Rebecca Nurse, and a group of Puritan ministers asking the court to slow down and be careful.

Unfortunately the Governor is distracted by a more exciting matter: He’s preparing a large expedition of soldiers to fight in Maine, and he’s decided to lead the expedition himself. Making arrangements is taking all of his time and attention, so he’s letting his second-in-command, Chief Justice William Stoughton, manage the trial. He’s powerful, opinionated, and driven to roust and destroy every witch in Massachusetts. Now more than 70 people are in prison, three people have died there, and six have been hanged.


WHO’S BEEN HANGED FOR WITCHCRAFT:


WHO’S BEEN TRIED AND SENTENCED:

(We’re between trials right now, though the local magistrates continue to hold examinations.)


WHO’S DIED IN PRISON:

  • Mercy Good – the beggar Sarah Good’s 6-month-old baby, who died on May 26, probably of malnutrition.
  • Sarah Osborne – a sickly woman who died on May 10, probably of typhus. She was one of the first to be arrested; a scandal-ridden woman who’d married her servant and was trying to take her sons’ inheritance.
  • Roger Toothaker – a fortuneteller who died on June 16 of “natural causes,” according to the coroner’s jury.

Tomorrow in Salem: 115 rays of light

July 20: Seeds of doubt take root

Today in Salem: People are catching their breath. Yesterday was a whipsaw of emotion, with cheers at the hanging of the beggar Sarah Good, loud support for that of the widows Sarah Wilds and Susannah Martin, confusion at the execution of the neighborly Elizabeth How, and bewildered grief at the death of the beloved Rebecca Nurse.

The doubt extends to one of the judges, who is also a well-regarded minister. “Are much perplexed per witchcrafts,” he writes, in a letter to his cousin. “Six persons have already been condemned and executed at Salem.”

With the Rev Cotton Mather and other ministers, he attends a fast at the home of Captain John Alden, who’s been in jail for longer than six weeks.

Who croweneth thee
With His tender compassion
And kind benignity

they sing, after a day of fasting and praying. It’s no small thing for a judge to pray at the home of an accused man, but the judge is a minister after all.


Tomorrow in Salem: SUMMARY: Paying respects

July 19: *** Sensitive Content: Death by Hanging***

Today in Salem: The Sheriff is choking on the hot dust rising around his cart as it jerks along the dirt road. Five women kneel in the cart, three of them elderly, their hands tied behind them.

With only a single horse to pull the heavy cart, it’s a slow journey to the hanging tree, where a minister waits on horseback, an unsure crowd shuffling behind him. He’ll pray, of course, but it’s also his job to urge each woman to confess and repent for her sin. It won’t change her fate. She will die. But her heart will be lighter.

The cart has hardly stopped when the deputies begin to pull the women off, one at a time, until they reach the beggar Sarah Good.

“Stay” one of them commands, and puts up his hand. The gesture isn’t lost on Sarah. She lurches forward as if to attack, but her hands are tied, and she falls back into the cart.

“Confess!” the minister says, loudly enough for those in the back of the crowd to hear. “Repent for your lies!” Sarah takes a deep breath and erupts in a rage.

“You’re the liar! Take my life, and God will give you blood to drink!” she roars, spitting and twisting away from the deputy who’s holding her back. A second deputy kneels to tie her petticoats and legs together, and the crowd cheers when he yanks the hood over her head and tightens the rope around her neck.

“May God forgive you,” the minister says. With that, the sheriff’s cart pulls away, hard, and Sarah jerks in the noose, her body emptying itself in one last insult.

The smells of waste and sweat are overwhelming, but the deputy doesn’t slow as he carries Sarah’s body to one of the graves, then turns toward the sharp-tongued Susannah Martin. She’s quieter than Sarah, but no less furious and will not, will not confess. She dies more quickly, but not without kicking, hard, then swaying, until she’s impossibly still.

The now-friendless Elizabeth How doesn’t need to be pushed or lifted into the cart. She bends and steps awkwardly into it on her own, her hands tied behind her. She looks at her husband, and for the first time is thankful that he is blind, that he will not see her die. But she’s also determined that he will not hear it, so she just shakes her head when the minister urges her to confess, looking at her wide-eyed daughter one last time as the hood is pulled over her head.

By now the people in the crowd have noticed the unmarked graves. No Christian burial for these lying witches. They turn to watch the proud Sarah Wilds as she’s pulled roughly into the cart. She, too, has seen the graves, but looks away, staring instead at her only witness, her son, who’s mouthing “Look at me. Look at me.” And so she does, even when the minister tells her to confess, even when she refuses and insists that she’s innocent, staring into her son’s eyes even as she is hooded, then hanged.

Only one more hanging is left, and the crowd grows quiet as the elderly and beloved Rebecca Nurse is lifted carefully into the cart. “Will you confess?” the minister asks. “No,” she says. “I am as innocent as the babe unborn.” Her voice trembles and she looks into the crowd, where she can see her husband, her eight children, their husbands and wives, and some of her grown grandchildren. Friends and neighbors are here, too, and others who know her from church, holding their hats in their hands. This time the deputy is gentle when he pulls the hood down, even when he tightens the noose around her neck. Rebecca’s shoulders begin to shake, but she barely kicks when she falls from the cart, and many in the crowd begin to cry.


Tonight in Salem: Two men row slowly, trying to soften the sound of the water splashing against their boat. Light from the half-moon guides them around the bend of the river to the ledge where the hanging tree cuts a silent, black silhouette.

The men slide the boat with a quiet scrape onto the riverbank. With shovels and blankets the two begin to climb, their shoes scrabbling in the loose dirt. To be seen would be to invite disaster, so they make quick business of it and carefully dig her out, wrap her in the blanket, and carry her back the way they came. She’s heavier than they expected, and it’s a precarious slide down the steep bank. But they’re determined to bring her home, to risk everything to bring the beloved Rebecca Nurse home for the Christian burial she deserves.


Tomorrow in Salem: Seeds of doubt take root

July 18: The last goodbyes

Today in Salem: The grave digger is alone with the stones and the clay, digging, pulling, and throwing dirt with his shovel, thinking about last night’s eclipse of the moon. Red, it had been. Blood red, he can’t help thinking it. But, while the red shadow had disturbed him, it was the white crescent of light at the edge, growing smaller and smaller, that he can’t stop thinking about.

Tomorrow five women – five witches, he corrects himself – will hang. But the jails are full, with so many more people still to be tried. And the magistrates are arresting more every day. Is it possible that all of them are guilty? How many more graves will he need to dig? Will this dark shadow ever pass?

In jail the now-friendless Elizabeth How touches her blind husband, who’s just paid her final jail bill. The sharp-tongued Susannah Martin, widowed years ago, paces and mutters to herself. The rebellious Sarah Wilds, also widowed, whispers with her only son. The beloved Rebecca Nurse prays with her husband, an elderly artisan. And the beggar Sarah Good huddles in a corner, alone except for her 4-year-old daughter, who tomorrow will refuse all comfort.


Tomorrow in Salem: ***Sensitive Content: Death by Hanging***

July 15: SAYING GOODBYE: the neighborly Elizabeth How receives a visitor

Elizabeth How’s daughter is galloping by horse to Salem jail. Her father sits behind her. He’s fully blind, and his daughter has been bringing him to the jail twice a week to visit his wife.

As usual he has a leather bag of bread and butter for Elizabeth, plus money to pay her jail fees. Next time he’ll be empty-handed. What will he say? What can he say, except he’ll visit again, one more time?


Tomorrow in Salem: DARKNESS: a lunar eclipse

July 14: BEGGING and FEASTING: the beggar Sarah Good and Governor Phips

Today in Salem: The beggar Sarah Good is pleading with the pregnant Elizabeth Proctor for help. Sarah has always been an angry beggar, as likely to throw a stone as she is to say thank you. But today is different. She will be hanged in five days, leaving behind her four-year-old daughter Dorcas, who is also in jail. Will Elizabeth care for the little girl after Sarah is taken away? Make sure she eats? sleeps? says her prayers?

Sarah has chosen Elizabeth carefully. Being pregnant, Elizabeth is unlikely to be hanged soon. And, unlike most of the women there, she still has young children, and will know the needs of a four-year-old.

Still, Elizabeth hesitates. Dorcas hasn’t once left her mother’s side, hissing and scratching at anyone who draws near. A bite of bread, a wink, a scrap of string – nothing quiets or tempts her. What else can Elizabeth do, though? She gives a small nod. The girl will eat when she’s hungry and sleep when she’s tired. Prayers are unimaginable except on the little girl’s behalf, but Elizabeth can at least do that.

Meanwhile, a few doors down, the Governor is inhaling the aromas of roast fowl and boiled turnips, drumming his fingers on the table and bouncing his knee. He’s still giddy from yesterday’s military displays, impatient and eager to go north to fight the enemies on the frontier.

A feast extends from the head of the table, where he’s sitting, and ends at the other end, where the ponderous Chief Justice Stoughton sits, as still as the Governor is fidgety. Raucous men line each side, guffawing and drunk on rum. It’s a public thanksgiving, declared by the Governor, with gratitude to God for his recent safe return from London, recent victories over the war-mongering French and Indians, and so many other personal blessings in his life.


Tomorrow in Salem: SAYING GOODBYE: the neighborly Elizabeth How receives a visitor

July 13: War games

Today in Salem: Governor William Phips is looking down from a small hill in Boston Common, bouncing on his toes, gleeful with anticipation. Eight companies of militia — hundreds of men — are performing military drills below, preparing to fight the French and their Indian allies. He closes his eyes and listens, feels his heart beating in time with their march. Left, right, left, right.

The witchcraft trials and hangings are little more than a mosquito buzzing, an occasional distraction that the Governor has little time and patience for. While men from Salem have been nattering on about someone – Rebecca? Hannah? — the Governor has been attending to the far more enjoyable task of organizing a war expedition to Maine, one he will lead himself.

He’s appointed committees to arrange for food and supplies, and will set sail as soon as the warships are ready. He’ll stay in Maine for as long as it takes to defeat the enemy, trusting his second in command, Chief Justice Stoughton, to deal with smaller problems like Salem.


Tomorrow in Salem: BEGGING and FEASTING: the beggar Sarah Good and Governor Phips

July 12: REVOKED: the beloved Rebecca Nurse’s fate changes

Today in Salem: Revoked. Rebecca Nurse’s reprieve has been revoked. Chief Justice Stoughton unfolds the letter and skims the formalities until he sees the sentence that matters: In their Maj’ties name William & Mary now King & Queen over England etc. you are commanded to cause Rebecca Nurse to be hanged by the neck until she be dead.

The letter is written in someone else’s hand, but it’s the Governor’s signature and wax seal. Someone – who? – has convinced him to undo his earlier decision. No more waiting. With a steady and firm hand, Stoughton signs a warrant for the executions of all five women:

the beggar Sarah Good
the now-friendless Elizabeth How
the sharp-tongued Susanna Martin
the rebellious and flamboyant Sarah Wilds

and finally, the beloved Rebecca Nurse

They will be hanged one week from today.


Tomorrow in Salem: War games